Principles of Effective Mentoring, Part 1: Be a Friend

Mentors are usually described as “friends.” But what does that mean? What makes someone a friend? One mentor talks about friendship this way:

I’m more a brother or a friend, I guess, than a parent or anything. That’s the way I try to act and be with him. I don’t want him to think—and I don’t think he does—that I’m like a teacher or a parent or something. I don’t want him to be uncomfortable, like I’m going to be there always looking over his shoul der and always there to report him for things he does wrong and that he tells me. I just want to be there as his friend to help him out.

The reality is that mentors have a unique role in the lives of children and youth. They are like an ideal older sister or brother— someone who is a role model and can provide support and gentle guidance. They are also like a peer, because they enjoy having fun with their mentee. But they aren’t exactly either of these. Sometimes it seems easier to talk about what mentors are by describing what they should not be:

Don’t act like a parent. One of the things your mentee will appreciate about you is that you are not his or her parent. However much they love their parents, young people might sometimes see them primarily as people who set rules and express disapproval. Youth need other adults in their lives, but they are unlikely to warm to a friendship with an unrelated adult who emphasizes these parental characteristics.

A mentor explains how he avoids acting like a parent:

  • A couple of times his mom has said, well, you know, I was wondering if you could talk to Randy. He had some behavior problem in school. And I just said to Randy, “Hey, you know, what’s going on?” and was just mostly light about it because it was nothing really major. You don’t want to turn the kid off: Oh, you better this, this, and this. . . . It’s not a good idea to use the meetings for, “Well, if you don’t do this then we don’t meet” type of thing. That’s like the worst thing you could do because then he’s being punished twice. Because usually the mother has something else that she’s done to punish him, you know, he’s grounded or he can’t watch television. And then for me to say, “Well, we’re not going to meet because you don’t know how to behave in school”— there’s no real correlation to us meeting and him behaving in school.

Don’t try to be an authority figure. It can be difficult for a youth to befriend an unknown adult. You want to help the relationship evolve into one of closeness and trust—but if you sound like you think you know everything and you tell your mentee what to do and how to act, you are likely to jeopardize your ability to build that trust. If youth feel that they risk criticism when they talk to you about something personal, they are unlikely to open up to you. Share your values without being “preachy.” Instead, teach— sometimes silently, by being a role model and setting an example.

A mentor talks about being a friend:

I remember being raised as a kid. I don’t think kids respond well to being told, “I want you to do this or else.” I think kids aren’t going to respond to that. I think you have to let kids talk to you on their level, and when they feel com fortable enough. . . . I said, “Look, if you ever want to talk about anything. . . . We’ll talk about your father. . . . If you ever want to say something, like that your mother makes you angry, I’m not going to tell her anything. I’ll just sit here and listen.”

DO focus on establishing a bond, a feeling of attachment, a sense of equality, and the mutual enjoyment of shared time. These are all important qualities of a friendship.

A youth talks about her mentor and friend:

Oh, it’s fun because I never really had a sister. It’s fun, it’s someone that, you know, you can do things with besides your mother. . . . Well, I don’t really do anything with my mother because we have like two separate things. She goes to work, I go to school, she comes home and, you know, we’re just there. We don’t do anything. So this really gives me a chance to do some thing with somebody I really like.

It can be a challenge for mentors to step outside traditional adult/youth authority roles. The successful mentors are the ones who can be a positive adult role model while focusing on the bonding and fun of a traditional friendship.

What Is a Successful Mentoring Relationship?

What are the qualities of an effective mentor? What strategies do mentors use to engage and connect with youth? These questions are at the heart of all mentoring relationships. Every year, thousands of volunteers come to mentoring programs because they want to make a positive difference in the lives of youth. But how are these volunteers able to make a difference? How does the magic of mentoring happen?

Why were some relationships doing so well while others had come apart? The key reasons had to do with the expectations and approach of the mentor.

Most of the mentors in the relationships that failed had a belief that they should, and could, “reform” their mentee. These mentors, even at the very beginning of the match, spent at least some of their time together pushing the mentee to change. Almost all the mentors in the successful relationships believed that their role was to support the youth, to help him or her grow and develop. They saw themselves as a friend.

Those successful mentors understood that positive changes in the lives of young people do not happen quickly or automatically. If they are to happen at all, the mentor and youth must meet long enough and often enough to build a relationship that helps the youth feel supported and safe, develop self-confidence and self-esteem, and see new possibilities in life. First, trust and friendship. Change may then follow as you lead by example and role-modeling, including in matters of spiritual life. successful mentors knew they had to:

  • Take the time to build the relationship

  • Become a trusted friend

  • Always maintain that trust

While establishing a friendship may sound easy, it often is not. Adults and youth are separated by age and, in many cases, by background and culture. Even mentors with good instincts can stumble or be blocked by difficulties that arise from these differences. It takes time for youth to feel comfortable just talking to their mentor, and longer still before they feel comfortable enough to share a confidence. Learning to trust—especially for young people who have already been let down by adults in their lives—is a gradual process. Mentees cannot be expected to trust their mentors simply because program staff members have put them together. Developing a friendship requires skill and time.

What are the qualities of an effective mentor? This guide describes 10 important features of successful mentors’ attitudes and styles:

  1. Be a friend.

  2. Have realistic goals and expectations.

  3. Have fun together.

  4. Give your mentee voice and choice in deciding on activities.

  5. Be positive.

  6. Let your mentee have much of the control over what the two of you talk about—and how you talk about it.

  7. Listen.

  8. Respect the trust your mentee places in you.

  9. Remember that your relationship is with the youth, not the youth’s parent.

  10. Remember that you are responsible for building the relationship.

In one study, mentors who took these approaches were the ones able to build a friendship and develop trust. They were the mentors who were ultimately able to make a difference in the lives of youth.

Don’t forget to consult with your TeenWorks staff for advice and support as you build trust, understanding, and a new friendship with your mentee.

(Adapted from “Building Relationships: A Guide for New Mentors)

Friendship Building 101

Developing a relationship and getting to know someone else takes time This blog page for TeenWorks mentors is intended to provide you with ways of building your friendship with you mentee through creative and interactive activities and be a resource for creating long-term memories.

Some of the best times you can have together may be doing simple things. Just talking and being together is important in developing a good relationship. Not every activity needs to be a great adventure or expensive entertainment. Simply hang out or try one of the following 101 suggestions.

[See also Activity Ideas, the Mentor Nest and Mentoring Resources]

ANYWHERE

  1. Share a silly story from you past.

  2. Describe something about your culture and heritage with one another.

  3. Tell each other funny jokes.

  4. Find out about each other’s favorite things — food, movies, music, cartoon character, etc.

AT HOME

  1. Rent a movie, borrow one from the library, or use you favorite steaming service — a make popcorn.

  2. Wash a car together and have a water/suds fight.

  3. Look through a photo album.

  4. Work in a garden.

  5. Make a tape of your favorite music together.

  6. Learn how to balance a checkbook.

  7. Work on a car or lawn mower that needs repair or servicing.

  8. Watch a favorite television show.

  9. Read through these ideas together and plan your next few activities.

  10. Try drawing on a computer.

  11. Work on homework or a school project.

  12. Read the same book and talk about it.

  13. Write thank-you letters to important people in your lives.

  14. Explore the internet on some curious subject, such as the rules of Cricket or how to change a bike tire.

FOOD

  1. Fix ice cream sundaes and pig out.

  2. Bake homemade cookies and make sure to sample the dough.

  3. Cook dinner together.

  4. Roast marshmallows and make s’mores.

  5. Make fondue (cheese, chocolate, or hot oil for meat).

  6. Plan a dinner where you choose a different country for each course.

  7. Meet early in the morning and have a big breakfast.

  8. Make candy such as fudge or toffee.

  9. Bake French-bread pizza.

  10. Buy parts of your meal at different fast food places until you are full.

  11. Barbeque shish kabobs.

  12. Create a new kind of homemade ice cream.

  13. Bake a cake or cupcakes.

  14. Make treats for your family or a friend.

GAMES

  1. Play a card game.

  2. Blow bubbles.

  3. Enjoy a board game together or with friends.

  4. Do magic tricks for each other.

  5. Play rochambeau (rock-paper-scissors) for candy prizes

HOBBIES, ARTS & CRAFTS

  1. Paint, draw, or do crafts

  2. Pick wildflowers and press or dry them or make potpourri.

  3. Make friendship bracelets for each other.

  4. Design some stationery with paints or colored pencils.

  5. Take and print pictures of each other and make cardboard frames or mounts.

  6. Try woodworking.

  7. Work on creating a friendship journal.

  8. Find something to make (model airplane or beads) at a hobby shop.

  9. Play the guitar and sing.

  10. Draw or paint portraits of each other.

  11. Tie-dye shirts.

  12. Sew, cross-stitch or knit.

  13. Paint T-shirts.

NATURE

  1. Take a picnic lunch to the park or beach.

  2. Find a rope swing by a creek and try it.

  3. Go on a walk or hike.

  4. Race snails.

  5. Fee ducks at a park.

  6. Fly a kite on a windy day.

  7. Build a sandcastle at the beach or lakeshore.

  8. Watch a sunset.

  9. Go to a park and see who can swing the highest.

  10. Watch the stars.

  11. Make planter boxes for each of your homes.

OUTINGS

  1. Go to a free play or concert in the park.

  2. Visit a shopping center or mall.

  3. Hang out by the water (pool, lake, river or ocean).

  4. See a movie.

  5. Go to a farmer’s market.

  6. Explore a county fair.

  7. Take a tour of you local fire station.

  8. Go to a bookstore or library.

  9. Attend a church service or youth activity.

  10. Visit with an elderly person.

  11. Together with another mentor pair, plan and do something fun.

  12. Attend a life-skills workshop.

  13. Play video games.

  14. Give each other a walking tour of your neighborhoods.

  15. Experience a school or community theatrical production together.

  16. Tour the control tower of a small local airport.

  17. Visit your local community center.

  18. Go to a flea market.

  19. Walk a dog.

  20. Take a guided tour of a local community college or four-year college.

  21. Go to a local art festival or parade.

  22. Take a class together (cooking, karate, pottery, welding, etc.).

SPORTS

  1. Play frisbee at a park or frisbee golf course.

  2. Hit a few golf balls at a driving range.

  3. Ride a bike to your favorite ice cream store or other fund destination.

  4. Go swimming.

  5. Watch a sports game on TV.

  6. Life weights or do aerobics at a gym.

  7. Jump on a trampoline.

  8. Try in-line skating or regular roller-skating together.

  9. Play tennis.

  10. Rent boogie boards and ride the waves.

  11. Go skateboarding.

  12. Shoot some pool.

  13. Watch a Little League baseball game.

  14. Go miniature golfing.

  15. Rent a bicycle for tow.

  16. Go jogging.

  17. Teach each other your favorite sport.

    (Adapted from Mentoring Journal, Friends for Youth)